Asian markets came under pressure on Friday, closing mixed despite a positive finish on Wall Street overnight, as a newly weaker dollar brought fresh concerns.
"The U.S. dollar basket has lost 3.2 percent since the close on Friday and 2.3 percent in two days, with Wednesday being the worst single day in [the dollar index] DXY in seven years," Evan Lucas, market strategist at spreadbetter IG, said in a morning note.
The dollar index, where the dollar is weighted against a basket of currencies, was at 96.58.
Lucas added, "The 36 percent increase in the U.S. dollar in 12 months is clearly putting a strain on U.S. economic growth; U.S. competitiveness has been squeezed and the Fed is isolated as the only central bank to be 'normalizing' monetary policy."
In Japan, the extended losses for the fourth day in a row, with the index closing down 225.40 points, or 1.32 percent, at 16,819.59 on the back of a stronger yen. The index has shed 5.85 percent since Monday. The dollar-yen pair fell to the 116-handle, at 116.82 in afternoon trade; earlier this week, the pair was trading above 120.
Lucas said, "[The Bank of Japan's] negative rates have done nothing to slow the appreciation of the Japanese yen since last week. [BOJ Governor Haruhiko] Kuroda and Co.'s attempts to drive export competitiveness and more investment diversification from Japan in the current environment is a tough ask."
Mark Matthews from Bank Julius Baer was more succinct: "Japanese stocks like it when the dollar rises, and don't like it when the dollar falls," he said in a morning note.
Japanese exporters closed mostly down, with Toyota, Nissan and Honda seeing losses between 1.88 and 3.29 percent. Toyota reported an operating profit of 722 billion yen ($6.18 billion) in the October-December period, down 5.3 percent on-year, after market close. The Japanese carmaker also reported a net profit of 1.89 trillion yen, up 9.2 percent, on year, for the first nine months of the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2015.
Down Under, Australia's ASX 200 closed down 4.15 points, or 0.08 percent, at 4,976.20, with the financial sector losing 0.70 percent. Energy and materials sectors finished in positive territory, buoyed by gains in commodities.
Across the Korean Strait, the Kospi retraced early losses to close flat at 1,917.79.
In China, indexes gave up their marginal gains on the final trading day ahead of the Lunar New Year, when markets will remain closed for a week starting February 8. The closed down 17.07 points, or 0.61 percent, at 2,763.94, while the Shenzhen composite fell 20.36 points, or 1.15 percent, to 1,750.70. Hong Kong's was up 0.62 percent.
Mining stocks in Australia ended mixed, with Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton gaining 3.20 and 4.85 percent, respectively, boosted by upticks in commodity prices this week. Smaller miners Atlas Iron and BC Iron saw losses of 7.69 and 1.30 percent respectively.
In a note Friday, Goldman Sachs said it expects base metals' prices could see a near-term rally.
"Against the backdrop of still significant short metals positioning (particularly copper and aluminium), we reiterate that the recent stabilization of the GS China Metals Consumption Index, the upcoming seasonal improvement in metals demand (post Chinese New Year), China State stockpiling, and potential further capacity closures could be catalysts for a short covering rally near term," Goldman said.
Others are also pointing to a possible continued rally in resources plays.
Matthews from Bank Julius Baer said it is likely the dollar index is heading to the lower-end of the 93-100 range it's been in since March 2015. "The rally in commodities and emerging markets can continue," he said, adding, "the vast majority of investors are obviously underweight or short, and those who are short now panicking."
In Japan, shares of Nikon traded up 4.60 percent, after initially surging as much as 7.47 percent, after the company reported a 28 percent increase in its net profit for April-December period.
Toshiba shares plunged 11.18 percent as the company projected a bigger-than-expected loss in the middle of mounting restructuring costs, following a $1.3 billion accounting scandal last year. Reports said Toshiba predicted it would record a net loss of 710 billion yen ($6 billion) for the full fiscal year ending in March, up from their initial prediction of 550 billion yen loss.
Sharp shares finished up 10 percent as talks over the troubled electronics maker's future remain up in the air. Yesterday, the Japanese broadcaster NHK initially reported that Sharp had accepted a takeover offer by Taiwan's Hon Hai Precision Industry, better known as Foxconn, and rejected a rescue plan by a Japanese state-backed fund after months of uncertainty over its fate.
Foxconn offered to invest over 700 billion yen ($5.94 billion) in Sharp, according to NHK. Later Reuters reported Sharp said no final decision has been made to be rescued by Foxconn, but that a source said Foxconn gained negotiating rights.
In Korea, Kakao shares were down 0.37 percent after see-sawing between gains of 0.91 percent and losses of as much as 1.19 percent. The technology company, which operates South Korea's dominant mobile messaging app, reported a net profit of 10.2 billion won ($8.6 million) in the fourth quarter, plunging some 80 percent from a year earlier.
Oil prices remained volatile, after gyrating between declines and gains of 5 to 8 percent this week. U.S. crude futures were flat at $31.73 a barrel in Asian hours, after falling 1.7 percent overnight. Globally traded Brent was down 0.35 percent at $34.37, following a 1.6 percent decline during U.S. trading hours.
Energy plays were mixed, with Australia's Santos erasing early losses of 3.18 percent to close up 2.23 percent; Woodside Petroleum finished up 0.41 percent. In Japan, Inpex closed up 1.23 percent, while South Korea's S-Oil retraced losses to gain 1.20 percent. Hong Kong-listed shares of CNOOC were up 2.34 percent, while A-shares of China Oilfield gained 4.24 percent.
But there could be pressures for the sector ahead if the Fed raises rates, which is likely to push the dollar higher. Loretta Mester, president of the Cleveland Federal Reserve, said overnight that volatility in financial markets as well as deflationary pressures from the plunge in energy prices shouldn't keep the U.S. central bank from raising rates. Mester is a voting member of the Federal Open Market Committee's policy panel.
Major indexes on Wall Street closed up, with the gaining 79.92 points, or 0.49 percent, to 16,416.5. The S&P 500 was up 2.92 points, or 0.15 percent, at 1,915.45, while the was higher by 5.32 points, or 0.12 percent, at 4,509.56.
— CNBC's Jeff Cox contributed to this report.